Psychotropics A-Z

Comprehensive clinical reference for psychotropic medications - from mechanism of action to dosing guidelines

Access detailed clinical information for 126 psychotropic medications with essential prescribing information, dosing guidelines, and evidence-based insights for psychiatric practice.

Important: All medication information provided is for educational and reference purposes only. This content is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of qualified healthcare providers with questions regarding medications and treatment options.

Currently featuring 126 psychotropic medications across 20 alphabetical categories

A B C D E F G H I L M N O P Q R S T V Z

A

Alprazolam | Xanax

Benzodiazepine

Brand names: Xanax, Xanax XR, Niravam

Primary Clinical Applications Alprazolam is indicated for generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. It is particularly effective for acute anxiety episodes...

Amisulpride | Solian

Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Solian

Primary Clinical Applications Amisulpride is indicated for acute and chronic schizophrenia, with particular efficacy for both positive and negative symptoms. Its dose-dependent mechanism makes it...

Amitriptyline | Elavil

Tricyclic Antidepressant

Brand names: Elavil, Endep, Tryptanol, Saroten

Primary Clinical Applications Amitriptyline is most effective in treating moderate to severe depression, particularly with melancholic/endogenous features. Its sedative properties make it particularly valuable for...

Amoxapine | Asendin

Tricyclic Antidepressant

Brand names: Asendin

Primary Clinical Applications Amoxapine is indicated for depression and may be particularly useful for patients with depression accompanied by psychotic features or severe agitation. Its...

Amphetamine | Adderall

CNS Stimulant

Brand names: Adderall, Adderall XR, Mydayis

Primary Clinical Applications Amphetamine is indicated for ADHD in patients 3 years and older and for narcolepsy in adults and children 6 years and older....

Amphetamine-D | Dexedrine

CNS Stimulant

Brand names: Dexedrine, Dexedrine Spansule, ProCentra, Zenzedi

Primary Clinical Applications Dextroamphetamine is indicated for ADHD in patients 3 years and older and narcolepsy in patients 6 years and older. It may be...

Aripiprazole | Abilify

Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Abilify, Abilify Maintena, Aristada, Abilify MyCite

Primary Clinical Applications Aripiprazole is indicated for schizophrenia, manic/mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder, maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder, adjunctive treatment of major depressive...

Armodafinil | Nuvigil

Wakefulness-Promoting Agent

Brand names: Nuvigil

Primary Clinical Applications Armodafinil is indicated to improve wakefulness in patients with excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (as adjunctive therapy), and...

Asenapine | Saphris

Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Saphris, Secuado

Primary Clinical Applications Asenapine is indicated for acute treatment of schizophrenia in adults, manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults, and...

Atomoxetine | Strattera

Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor

Brand names: Strattera

Primary Clinical Applications Atomoxetine is indicated for ADHD across all age groups and is particularly valuable for patients with comorbid anxiety, tics, or substance abuse...

B

Benztropine | Cogentin

Anticholinergic/Antiparkinsonian Agent

Brand names: Cogentin

Primary Clinical Applications Benztropine is indicated for all forms of parkinsonism including idiopathic, postencephalitic, and arteriosclerotic types. It is particularly valuable in controlling extrapyramidal symptoms...

Biperiden | Akineton

Anticholinergic/Antiparkinsonian Agent

Brand names: Akineton

Primary Clinical Applications Biperiden is indicated for all forms of parkinsonism including idiopathic, postencephalitic, and arteriosclerotic types. It is especially effective in controlling drug-induced extrapyramidal...

Blonanserin | Lonasen

Atypical Antipsychotic

Brand names: Lonasen

Primary Clinical Applications Blonanserin is indicated for schizophrenia treatment in Japan and South Korea. It is particularly noted for its effectiveness in treating both positive...

Brexpiprazole | Rexulti

Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Rexulti

Primary Clinical Applications Brexpiprazole is indicated for treatment of schizophrenia in adults and as adjunctive therapy to antidepressants for major depressive disorder when patients have...

Buprenorphine | Suboxone

Partial Opioid Agonist

Brand names: Suboxone (with naloxone), Subutex, Sublocade

Primary Clinical Applications Buprenorphine is indicated for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment as maintenance therapy and for medically supervised withdrawal. It is available as monotherapy...

Bupropion | Wellbutrin

Atypical Antidepressant

Brand names: Wellbutrin, Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL, Zyban, Aplenzin, Forfivo XL

Primary Clinical Applications Bupropion is indicated for major depressive disorder (Wellbutrin formulations) and smoking cessation (Zyban). It is often chosen for patients with depression accompanied...

Buspirone | BuSpar

Azapirone (Non-benzodiazepine Anxiolytic)

Brand names: BuSpar

Primary Clinical Applications Buspirone is indicated specifically for generalized anxiety disorder and is often used as first-line treatment for chronic anxiety. It may be particularly...

C

Carbamazepine | Carbatrol

Anticonvulsant/Mood Stabilizer

Brand names: Carbatrol, Tegretol, Tegretol XR, Epitol, Equetro

Primary Clinical Applications Carbamazepine is indicated for partial seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, trigeminal neuralgia, and acute manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder (Equetro...

Cariprazine | Vraylar

Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Vraylar

Primary Clinical Applications Cariprazine is indicated for schizophrenia in adults, acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder, and depressive episodes associated...

Chlordiazepoxide | Limbitrol

Benzodiazepine

Brand names: Limbitrol (combination with amitriptyline), Librium

Primary Clinical Applications Chlordiazepoxide monotherapy is indicated for anxiety disorders and acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The combination product Limbitrol is specifically indicated for moderate to...

Chlorpromazine | Thorazine

Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Thorazine

Primary Clinical Applications Chlorpromazine is indicated for schizophrenia, manic episodes of bipolar disorder, severe behavioral problems in children, and intractable hiccups. It is also used...

Citalopram | Celexa

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)

Brand names: Celexa

Primary Clinical Applications Citalopram is indicated for major depressive disorder in adults. It was one of the most widely prescribed antidepressants due to its efficacy...

Clomipramine | Anafranil

Tricyclic Antidepressant

Brand names: Anafranil

Primary Clinical Applications Clomipramine is the gold standard tricyclic for OCD treatment and has demonstrated superior efficacy compared to other tricyclics for this indication. It...

Clonazepam | Klonopin

Benzodiazepine

Brand names: Klonopin, Rivotril

Primary Clinical Applications Clonazepam is indicated for absence seizures, myoclonic seizures, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and panic disorder with or without agoraphobia. It is also widely used...

Clorazepate | Tranxene

Benzodiazepine

Brand names: Tranxene, Gen-XENE

Primary Clinical Applications Clorazepate is effective for generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome, and as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures. Its long...

Clozapine | Clozaril

Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Clozaril, Versacloz, FazaClo

Primary Clinical Applications Clozapine is indicated for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (failure to respond to at least two other antipsychotics) and for reducing suicide risk in schizophrenia...

D

Desipramine | Norpramin

Tricyclic Antidepressant

Brand names: Norpramin

Primary Clinical Applications Desipramine is indicated for the treatment of depression and has extensive off-label use for ADHD in children and adults, chronic pain conditions,...

Desvenlafaxine | Pristiq

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)

Brand names: Pristiq, Khedezla

Primary Clinical Applications Desvenlafaxine is indicated specifically for major depressive disorder in adults. Its balanced dual reuptake inhibition may provide benefits for patients with depression...

Dextromethorphan-Quinidine | Nuedexta

Combination NMDA Receptor Antagonist/Sodium Channel Blocker

Brand names: Nuedexta

Primary Clinical Applications Nuedexta is indicated exclusively for pseudobulbar affect associated with various neurological conditions including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury,...

Diazepam | Valium

Benzodiazepine

Brand names: Valium, Diastat, Valtoco

Primary Clinical Applications Diazepam is effective for generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasticity, and as adjunctive therapy for seizure disorders....

Diphenhydramine | Benadryl

First-Generation Antihistamine

Brand names: Benadryl, Nytol, Sominex

Primary Clinical Applications Diphenhydramine is indicated for allergic reactions, seasonal allergies, motion sickness, insomnia, cough suppression, and as an adjunct in treating extrapyramidal symptoms. It...

Disulfiram | Antabuse

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitor

Brand names: Antabuse

Primary Clinical Applications Disulfiram is indicated for chronic alcoholism as a deterrent to alcohol consumption. It is used in motivated patients who want to remain...

Donepezil | Aricept

Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Brand names: Aricept, Aricept ODT

Primary Clinical Applications Donepezil is indicated for all stages of Alzheimer’s disease, from mild to severe dementia. It may slow cognitive decline and help maintain...

Doxepin | Sinequan

Tricyclic Antidepressant/Sedating Antihistamine

Brand names: Sinequan, Silenor

Primary Clinical Applications High-dose doxepin (Sinequan) is indicated for depression and anxiety, particularly in patients with significant sleep disturbances. Low-dose doxepin (Silenor) is specifically indicated...

Droperidol | Inapsine

Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Inapsine

Primary Clinical Applications Droperidol is indicated for prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting when other antiemetics are ineffective or contraindicated. It was previously...

Duloxetine | Cymbalta

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)

Brand names: Cymbalta, Drizalma Sprinkle

Primary Clinical Applications Duloxetine is effective for major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and various chronic pain conditions. Its unique dual reuptake inhibition provides benefits...

E

Escitalopram | Lexapro

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)

Brand names: Lexapro

Primary Clinical Applications Escitalopram is effective for major depressive disorder in adults and adolescents (12+ years) and generalized anxiety disorder in adults. It is often...

Estazolam | ProSom

Benzodiazepine Hypnotic

Brand names: ProSom

Primary Clinical Applications Estazolam is indicated for insomnia management, particularly when both sleep onset and sleep maintenance are problematic. Its intermediate half-life (10-24 hours) provides...

Eszopiclone | Lunesta

Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotic (Z-drug)

Brand names: Lunesta

Primary Clinical Applications Eszopiclone is effective for both sleep onset and sleep maintenance insomnia. It has been studied for long-term use (up to 6 months)...

Ethosuximide | Zarontin

Anticonvulsant

Brand names: Zarontin

Primary Clinical Applications Ethosuximide is the first-line treatment for typical absence seizures, particularly effective for the characteristic 3-Hz spike-and-wave discharges seen in childhood absence epilepsy....

F

Flibanserin | Addyi

5-HT1A Receptor Agonist/5-HT2A Receptor Antagonist

Brand names: Addyi

Primary Clinical Applications Flibanserin is specifically indicated for acquired, generalized HSDD in premenopausal women, characterized by low sexual desire that causes marked distress or interpersonal...

Fluoxetine | Prozac

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)

Brand names: Prozac, Prozac Weekly, Sarafem

Primary Clinical Applications Fluoxetine is effective for major depressive disorder, OCD, bulimia nervosa, and panic disorder. Its long half-life provides some protection against discontinuation syndrome...

Flupenthixol | Depixol

Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Depixol, Fluanxol

Primary Clinical Applications Flupenthixol is indicated for schizophrenia, acute and chronic psychoses, and maintenance treatment of psychotic disorders. It is also sometimes used for severe...

Fluphenazine | Prolixin

Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Prolixin, Prolixin Decanoate

Primary Clinical Applications Fluphenazine is effective for positive symptoms of schizophrenia including hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders. The long-acting injectable form is particularly useful for...

Flurazepam | Dalmane

Benzodiazepine Hypnotic

Brand names: Dalmane

Primary Clinical Applications Flurazepam is indicated for insomnia management, particularly when both sleep onset and sleep maintenance are problematic. Its long half-life makes it suitable...

Fluvoxamine | Luvox

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)

Brand names: Luvox, Luvox CR

Primary Clinical Applications Fluvoxamine is particularly effective for OCD and is considered a first-line treatment for this condition. It has also demonstrated efficacy in social...

G

Gabapentin | Neurontin

Anticonvulsant/Neuropathic Pain Agent

Brand names: Neurontin, Gralise, Horizant

Primary Clinical Applications Gabapentin is effective as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures in adults and children over 3 years. It is also FDA-approved for postherpetic...

Guanfacine XR | Intuniv

Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist

Brand names: Intuniv

Primary Clinical Applications Guanfacine XR is particularly valuable for patients who cannot tolerate stimulant medications or require additional symptom control when used with stimulants. It...

H

Haloperidol | Haldol

Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Haldol, Haldol Decanoate

Primary Clinical Applications Haloperidol is indicated for schizophrenia, acute psychotic episodes, delirium (especially in ICU settings), severe behavioral disorders in children with hyperactivity, and Tourette’s...

Hydroxyzine | Atarax

Antihistamine/Anxiolytic

Brand names: Atarax, Vistaril

Primary Clinical Applications Hydroxyzine is indicated for anxiety and tension, allergic conditions (urticaria, atopic dermatitis), preoperative and postoperative sedation, and nausea/vomiting. It is particularly valuable...

I

Iloperidone | Fanapt

Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Fanapt

Primary Clinical Applications Iloperidone is effective for both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Its balanced receptor profile may provide antipsychotic efficacy while minimizing movement-related...

Imipramine Pamoate | Tofranil-PM

Tricyclic Antidepressant

Brand names: Tofranil-PM

Primary Clinical Applications Imipramine pamoate is indicated for the relief of symptoms of depression, with endogenous depression being more likely to respond than other depressive...

Isocarboxazid | Marplan

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI)

Brand names: Marplan

Primary Clinical Applications Isocarboxazid is indicated for depression that has not responded to other antidepressant classes. It may be particularly effective for atypical depression characterized...

L

Lamotrigine | Lamictal

Anticonvulsant/Mood Stabilizer

Brand names: Lamictal, Lamictal XR, Lamictal ODT

Primary Clinical Applications Lamotrigine is indicated for partial seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in epilepsy patients. In psychiatry, it is used for...

Levomilnacipran | Fetzima

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)

Brand names: Fetzima

Primary Clinical Applications Levomilnacipran is indicated specifically for major depressive disorder in adults. Its balanced dual reuptake inhibition may provide benefits for patients with depression...

Lithium Carbonate | Eskalith

Mood Stabilizer

Brand names: Eskalith, Lithobid, Lithonate

Primary Clinical Applications Lithium is first-line treatment for bipolar I disorder maintenance therapy and is effective for acute mania treatment. It has unique anti-suicidal properties...

Lofepramine | Deprimyl

Tricyclic Antidepressant

Brand names: Deprimyl, Gamanil, Lomont

Primary Clinical Applications Lofepramine is indicated for major depressive disorder, particularly in patients who may benefit from tricyclic therapy but require a safer profile. It...

Lorazepam | Ativan

Benzodiazepine

Brand names: Ativan, Loreev XR

Primary Clinical Applications Lorazepam is effective for generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and situational anxiety. It is also commonly used in hospital settings for acute...

Loxapine | Adasuve

Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Adasuve, Loxitane

Primary Clinical Applications Oral loxapine is used for long-term treatment of schizophrenia, while inhaled loxapine (Adasuve) provides rapid control of acute agitation in hospital settings....

Lurasidone | Latuda

Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Latuda

Primary Clinical Applications Lurasidone is effective for both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and has demonstrated efficacy in treating depressive episodes associated with bipolar...

M

Maprotiline | Ludiomil

Tetracyclic Antidepressant

Brand names: Ludiomil (discontinued in US), Deprilept, Psymion

Historical Clinical Applications Maprotiline was indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder, particularly in patients with anxiety symptoms accompanying their depression. It was sometimes...

Memantine | Namenda

NMDA Receptor Antagonist

Brand names: Namenda, Namenda XR, Ebixa, Axura

Primary Clinical Applications Memantine is indicated for moderate to severe stages of Alzheimer’s disease and may be used in combination with cholinesterase inhibitors. It helps...

Mesoridazine | Serentil

Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Serentil (discontinued in US)

Historical Clinical Applications Mesoridazine was reserved for schizophrenic patients who were unresponsive to or could not tolerate other antipsychotic medications. Its use was limited due...

Methamphetamine | Desoxyn

CNS Stimulant

Brand names: Desoxyn

Primary Clinical Applications D-methamphetamine is indicated for ADHD in patients 6 years and older when other treatments have failed, and for narcolepsy in adults. It...

Methylphenidate (D, L) | Ritalin, Focalin

CNS Stimulant

Brand names: Ritalin, Ritalin SR, Ritalin LA, Concerta, Focalin, Focalin XR, Metadate CD, Methylin

Primary Clinical Applications Methylphenidate is first-line treatment for ADHD across all age groups, with extensive evidence supporting its efficacy in improving attention span, reducing hyperactivity,...

Mianserin | Lerivon

Tetracyclic Antidepressant

Brand names: Lerivon, Tolvon

Primary Clinical Applications Mianserin is indicated for depression, particularly in patients who cannot tolerate tricyclic antidepressants or SSRIs. It is also used for anxiety disorders...

Milnacipran | Savella

Selective Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)

Brand names: Savella

Primary Clinical Applications Milnacipran is indicated exclusively for fibromyalgia management in adults. It is not approved for depression in the United States, distinguishing it from...

Mirtazapine | Remeron

Atypical Antidepressant (Tetracyclic)

Brand names: Remeron, Remeron SolTab

Primary Clinical Applications Mirtazapine is indicated for major depressive disorder and is commonly used off-label for insomnia, anxiety disorders, PTSD, and appetite stimulation. It is...

Moclobemide | Aurorix

Reversible Inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase A (RIMA)

Brand names: Aurorix, Manerix

Primary Clinical Applications Moclobemide is indicated for major depressive disorder, particularly atypical depression, and social anxiety disorder. It is often used when SSRIs or other...

Modafinil | Provigil

Wakefulness-Promoting Agent/CNS Stimulant

Brand names: Provigil, Alertec, Modavigil

Primary Clinical Applications Modafinil is indicated for narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea (as adjunct to CPAP), and shift work sleep disorder. It is also used off-label...

Molindone | Moban

Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Moban (discontinued)

Historical Clinical Applications Molindone was used for schizophrenia management and was notable among typical antipsychotics for causing less weight gain and having a lower risk...

N

Naltrexone | Revia

Opioid Antagonist

Brand names: Revia, Vivitrol

Primary Clinical Applications Naltrexone is indicated for alcohol use disorder to reduce heavy drinking and maintain abstinence, and for opioid use disorder to prevent relapse...

Naltrexone-Bupropion | Contrave

Combination Appetite Suppressant/Weight Management Agent

Brand names: Contrave

Primary Clinical Applications Contrave is indicated for chronic weight management in adults with obesity or overweight with weight-related medical conditions such as hypertension, type 2...

Nefazodone | Dutonin

Atypical Antidepressant

Brand names: Dutonin (discontinued), Serzone (discontinued)

Historical Clinical Applications Nefazodone was used for major depressive disorder, particularly in patients who experienced sexual side effects with SSRIs, as it had minimal impact...

Nortriptyline | Pamelor

Tricyclic Antidepressant

Brand names: Pamelor, Aventyl

Primary Clinical Applications Nortriptyline is indicated for depression treatment and is commonly used off-label for chronic pain conditions, migraine prevention, and neuropathic pain. It is...

O

Olanzapine | Zyprexa

Atypical Antipsychotic

Brand names: Zyprexa, Zyprexa Zydis, Zyprexa Relprevv

Primary Clinical Applications Olanzapine is indicated for schizophrenia in adults and adolescents (13-17 years), acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes in bipolar I disorder,...

Oxazepam | Serax

Benzodiazepine

Brand names: Serax

Primary Clinical Applications Oxazepam is indicated for anxiety disorders, short-term anxiety relief, and alcohol withdrawal management. It is particularly valuable in elderly patients and those...

Oxcarbazepine | Trileptal

Anticonvulsant

Brand names: Trileptal, Oxtellar XR

Primary Clinical Applications Oxcarbazepine is indicated for partial-onset seizures in adults and children 2 years and older. It is also used off-label for bipolar disorder,...

P

Paliperidone | Invega

Atypical Antipsychotic

Brand names: Invega

Primary Clinical Applications Paliperidone is indicated for schizophrenia in adults and adolescents (12-17 years) and for schizoaffective disorder as monotherapy or adjunctive treatment. It offers...

Paliperidone palmitate | Invega Sustenna

Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic

Brand names: Invega Sustenna

Primary Clinical Applications Invega Sustenna is indicated for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder treatment, offering monthly dosing that eliminates daily medication compliance issues. It is particularly...

Paroxetine | Paxil

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)

Brand names: Paxil, Paxil CR, Pexeva

Primary Clinical Applications Paroxetine is indicated for multiple psychiatric conditions including depression, various anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD. It is particularly effective for anxiety disorders...

Perphenazine | Trilafon

Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Trilafon

Primary Clinical Applications Perphenazine is indicated for schizophrenia management and severe nausea/vomiting control. It is particularly useful in patients who require antipsychotic treatment but may...

Phenelzine | Nardil

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI)

Brand names: Nardil

Primary Clinical Applications Phenelzine is indicated for depression that is characterized as atypical, nonendogenous, or neurotic, particularly when patients have not responded to tricyclic antidepressants...

Pimavanserin | Nuplazid

Atypical Antipsychotic (5-HT2A Inverse Agonist)

Brand names: Nuplazid

Primary Clinical Applications Pimavanserin is indicated exclusively for hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson’s disease psychosis. Unlike traditional antipsychotics, it does not block dopamine receptors,...

Pimozide | Orap

Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Orap

Primary Clinical Applications Pimozide is indicated exclusively for Tourette’s disorder in patients with severe symptoms who cannot take or have not responded to other medications....

Pregabalin | Lyrica

Anticonvulsant/Neuropathic Pain Agent

Brand names: Lyrica

Primary Clinical Applications Pregabalin is FDA-approved for diabetic peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, fibromyalgia, and partial-onset seizures in patients 1 month and older. It has also...

Procyclidine | Kemadrin

Anticholinergic/Antiparkinsonian Agent

Brand names: Kemadrin

Primary Clinical Applications Procyclidine is indicated for all forms of parkinsonism including idiopathic, postencephalitic, and arteriosclerotic types. It is especially effective in controlling drug-induced extrapyramidal...

Propranolol | Inderal

Beta-Blocker

Brand names: Inderal, Inderal LA

Primary Clinical Applications In psychiatry, propranolol is used for performance anxiety (stage fright), drug-induced akathisia, lithium-induced tremor, aggressive behavior, and sometimes as adjunctive treatment for...

Protriptyline | Triptil

Tricyclic Antidepressant

Brand names: Triptil, Vivactil

Primary Clinical Applications Protriptyline is indicated for the treatment of depression and may be particularly suitable for patients with depression accompanied by fatigue, hypersomnia, or...

Q

Quazepam | Doral

Benzodiazepine

Brand names: Doral

Primary Clinical Applications Quazepam is indicated for the treatment of insomnia, particularly for patients with sleep maintenance difficulties who need sustained sleep throughout the night....

Quetiapine | Seroquel

Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Seroquel, Seroquel XR

Primary Clinical Applications Quetiapine is indicated for schizophrenia, acute manic episodes of bipolar I disorder, bipolar depression, maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder, and adjunctive treatment...

R

Ramelteon | Rozerem

Melatonin Receptor Agonist

Brand names: Rozerem

Primary Clinical Applications Ramelteon is indicated for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty with sleep onset. It is particularly suitable for patients who need...

Reboxetine | Norebox

Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)

Brand names: Norebox, Edronax

Primary Clinical Applications Reboxetine is indicated for major depressive disorder in countries where it is available. It may be particularly useful for patients with depression...

Risperidone | Risperdal

Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Risperdal, Risperdal Consta, Risperdal M-Tab

Primary Clinical Applications Risperidone is indicated for schizophrenia in adults and adolescents, bipolar I disorder (manic or mixed episodes), and irritability associated with autism spectrum...

Rivastigmine | Exelon

Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Brand names: Exelon, Exelon Patch

Primary Clinical Applications Rivastigmine is indicated for mild to moderate dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. It is the only cholinesterase inhibitor specifically...

S

Selegiline | Eldepryl

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAO-B Selective)

Brand names: Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar

Primary Clinical Applications Oral selegiline is indicated as adjunctive therapy in Parkinson’s disease to extend the duration of levodopa effects. The transdermal patch (Emsam) is...

Sertindole | Serdolect

Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Serdolect

Primary Clinical Applications Sertindole is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia in patients who are intolerant to at least one other antipsychotic medication. Due to...

Sertraline | Zoloft

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)

Brand names: Zoloft

Primary Clinical Applications Sertraline is indicated for major depressive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. It...

Sodium Oxybate | Xyrem

CNS Depressant/GABA-B Agonist

Brand names: Xyrem, Xywav

Primary Clinical Applications Sodium oxybate is indicated for the treatment of cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with narcolepsy. It is particularly effective for...

Sulpiride | Dolmatil

Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Dolmatil, Dogmatil

Primary Clinical Applications Sulpiride is indicated for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. At low doses (200-600 mg), it may be particularly useful for negative symptoms...

Suvorexant | Belsomra

Orexin Receptor Antagonist

Brand names: Belsomra

Primary Clinical Applications Suvorexant is indicated for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance. It may be particularly suitable...

T

Tasimelteon | Hetlioz

Melatonin Receptor Agonist

Brand names: Hetlioz

Primary Clinical Applications Tasimelteon is specifically indicated for Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder (Non-24) in totally blind individuals. This rare condition affects people who are completely blind...

Temazepam | Restoril

Benzodiazepine

Brand names: Restoril

Primary Clinical Applications Temazepam is indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia, particularly for patients with difficulty maintaining sleep throughout the night. Its intermediate duration...

Thioridazine | Mellaril

Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Mellaril

Primary Clinical Applications Thioridazine was historically used for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, but due to its cardiac toxicity profile, it was restricted to treatment-resistant...

Thiothixene | Navane

Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Navane

Primary Clinical Applications Thiothixene is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. It is effective for positive symptoms of psychosis including hallucinations,...

Tianeptine | Coaxil

Atypical Antidepressant

Brand names: Coaxil, Stablon

Primary Clinical Applications Tianeptine is indicated for major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders in countries where it is available. It may be particularly useful for...

Topiramate | Topamax

Anticonvulsant

Brand names: Topamax

Primary Clinical Applications Topiramate is indicated for partial seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and migraine prophylaxis. It has extensive off-label use for bipolar...

Tranylcypromine | Parnate

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI)

Brand names: Parnate

Primary Clinical Applications Tranylcypromine is indicated for major depressive disorder in patients who have not responded to other antidepressant therapies. It may be particularly effective...

Trazadone XR | Oleptro

Atypical Antidepressant

Brand names: Oleptro

Primary Clinical Applications Trazodone XR is indicated for major depressive disorder in adults. The extended-release formulation allows for once-daily dosing and may provide more consistent...

Trazodone | Desyrel

Atypical Antidepressant

Brand names: Desyrel

Primary Clinical Applications Trazodone is indicated for major depressive disorder but is more commonly used off-label for insomnia due to its sedating properties. At low...

Triazolam | Halcion

Benzodiazepine

Brand names: Halcion

Primary Clinical Applications Triazolam is indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty falling asleep. Its ultra-short duration of action makes it suitable...

Trifluoperazine | Stelazine

Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Stelazine

Primary Clinical Applications Trifluoperazine is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. It may also be used for severe anxiety when other...

Trihexyphenidyl | Artane

Anticholinergic (Antiparkinsonian Agent)

Brand names: Artane

Primary Clinical Applications Trihexyphenidyl is indicated for Parkinson’s disease and drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions. It is frequently used as adjunctive therapy to treat movement disorders caused...

Trimipramine Maleate | Surmontil

Tricyclic Antidepressant

Brand names: Surmontil

Primary Clinical Applications Trimipramine is indicated for the treatment of depression and may be particularly beneficial for patients with depression accompanied by insomnia or anxiety....

V

Valproic Acid/750–4,200 | Depakene

Anticonvulsant/Mood Stabilizer

Brand names: Depakene, Depakote, Depakote ER

Primary Clinical Applications Valproic acid is indicated for complex partial seizures, absence seizures, manic episodes of bipolar disorder, and migraine prophylaxis. It is particularly effective...

Varenicline | Chantix

Partial Nicotinic Receptor Agonist

Brand names: Chantix, Champix

Primary Clinical Applications Varenicline is indicated as an aid to smoking cessation treatment in adults. It is considered first-line therapy for tobacco dependence and has...

Venlafaxine | Effexor

Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)

Brand names: Effexor, Effexor XR

Primary Clinical Applications Venlafaxine is indicated for major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. It may be particularly effective for...

Vilazodone | Viibryd

Serotonin Partial Agonist Reuptake Inhibitor (SPARI)

Brand names: Viibryd

Primary Clinical Applications Vilazodone is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults. It may be particularly suitable for patients who experience sexual...

Vortioxetine | Trintellix

Serotonin Modulator and Stimulator

Brand names: Trintellix, Brintellix

Primary Clinical Applications Vortioxetine is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults. It may be particularly beneficial for patients with depression who...

Z

Zaleplon | Sonata

Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotic (Z-drug)

Brand names: Sonata

Primary Clinical Applications Zaleplon is indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty with sleep initiation. Its ultra-short duration of action makes it...

Ziprasidone | Geodon

Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Geodon, Zeldox

Primary Clinical Applications Ziprasidone is indicated for schizophrenia and acute manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder. It may be particularly suitable for patients...

Zolpidem | Ambien

Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotic (Z-drug)

Brand names: Ambien, Ambien CR, Edluar, Zolpimist, Intermezzo

Primary Clinical Applications Zolpidem is indicated for insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep initiation (immediate-release formulations) and sleep maintenance (controlled-release and middle-of-the-night formulations). Different formulations...

Zonisamide | Zonegran

Anticonvulsant

Brand names: Zonegran

Primary Clinical Applications Zonisamide is indicated as adjunctive therapy for partial seizures in adults and children over 16 years. It has extensive off-label use for...

Zopiclone | Imovane

Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotic (Z-drug)

Brand names: Imovane, Zimovane

Primary Clinical Applications Zopiclone is indicated for short-term treatment of insomnia, including difficulty falling asleep, frequent nocturnal awakenings, and early morning awakening. It is effective...

Zotepine | Lodopin

Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Lodopin, Nipolept

Primary Clinical Applications Zotepine is indicated for schizophrenia and may be particularly useful for patients with concurrent depressive symptoms due to its norepinephrine reuptake inhibition....

Zuclopenthixol | Clopixol

Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic

Brand names: Clopixol, Clopixol Depot, Clopixol Acuphase

Primary Clinical Applications Zuclopenthixol is indicated for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. The Acuphase formulation is specifically indicated for initial treatment of acute psychosis and...