Psychotropics A-Z
Comprehensive clinical reference for psychotropic medications - from mechanism of action to dosing guidelines
Access detailed clinical information for over 126 psychotropic medications with essential prescribing information, dosing guidelines, and evidence-based insights for psychiatric practice.
Important: All medication information provided is for educational and reference purposes only. This content is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of qualified healthcare providers with questions regarding medications and treatment options.
A
Alprazolam | Xanax
Benzodiazepine
Brand names: Xanax, Xanax XR, Niravam
Alprazolam is a short-to-intermediate acting benzodiazepine indicated for anxiety disorders and panic disorder. It is one of the most widely prescribed benzodiazepines due to its...
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Amisulpride | Solian
Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Solian
Amisulpride is an atypical antipsychotic with selective dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonism, primarily available in European markets. It is indicated for schizophrenia and has a unique...
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Amitriptyline | Elavil
Tricyclic Antidepressant
Brand names: Elavil, Endep, Tryptanol, Saroten
Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant primarily indicated for the management of major depressive disorder, particularly endogenous depression. It demonstrates significant efficacy in alleviating both the...
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Amoxapine | Asendin
Tricyclic Antidepressant
Brand names: Asendin
Amoxapine is a tricyclic antidepressant with unique dopamine-blocking properties, making it structurally and pharmacologically similar to antipsychotics. It is indicated for depression, particularly in patients...
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Amphetamine | Adderall
CNS Stimulant
Brand names: Adderall, Adderall XR, Mydayis
Amphetamine (mixed amphetamine salts) is a central nervous system stimulant indicated for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is one of the most...
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Amphetamine-D | Dexedrine
CNS Stimulant
Brand names: Dexedrine, Dexedrine Spansule, ProCentra, Zenzedi
Dextroamphetamine is the dextrorotatory enantiomer of amphetamine, indicated for ADHD and narcolepsy. As a single-isomer formulation, it may provide similar efficacy to mixed amphetamine salts...
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Aripiprazole | Abilify
Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Abilify, Abilify Maintena, Aristada, Abilify MyCite
Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic with a unique mechanism as a dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist, indicated for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (adjunctive),...
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Armodafinil | Nuvigil
Wakefulness-Promoting Agent
Brand names: Nuvigil
Armodafinil is the R-enantiomer of modafinil, indicated for excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, and shift work sleep disorder. It has a longer...
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Asenapine | Saphris
Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Saphris, Secuado
Asenapine is an atypical antipsychotic available as sublingual tablets (Saphris) and transdermal patch (Secuado), indicated for schizophrenia and manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I...
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Atomexetine | Strattera
Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor
Brand names: Strattera
Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor indicated for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and adults. As a non-stimulant medication, it provides...
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Benztropin | Cogentin
Anticholinergic/Antiparkinsonian Agent
Brand names: Cogentin
Benztropine is an anticholinergic agent indicated as an adjunct in the therapy of all forms of parkinsonism and for the control of extrapyramidal disorders due...
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Biperiden | Akineton
Anticholinergic/Antiparkinsonian Agent
Brand names: Akineton
Biperiden is an anticholinergic agent indicated for the treatment of parkinsonism and drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders. It effectively counteracts muscarinic effects and is particularly valuable in...
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Blonanserin | Lonasen
Atypical Antipsychotic
Brand names: Lonasen
Blonanserin is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. Important Note: This medication is primarily available in Japan and South Korea and is...
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Brexpiprazole | Rexulti
Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Rexulti
Brexpiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for schizophrenia and as adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder. It acts as a partial agonist at dopamine D2...
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Buprenorphine | Suboxone
Partial Opioid Agonist
Brand names: Suboxone (with naloxone), Subutex, Sublocade
Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist indicated for opioid use disorder treatment and chronic pain management. As a partial agonist, it provides sufficient opioid receptor...
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Bupropion | Wellbutrin
Atypical Antidepressant
Brand names: Wellbutrin, Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL, Zyban, Aplenzin, Forfivo XL
Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant with a unique mechanism of action, indicated for major depressive disorder, seasonal affective disorder, and smoking cessation. It is particularly...
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Buspirone | BuSpar
Azapirone (Non-benzodiazepine Anxiolytic)
Brand names: BuSpar
Buspirone is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic indicated for generalized anxiety disorder. It offers an alternative to benzodiazepines without the risks of dependence, withdrawal, or cognitive impairment,...
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Carbamazepine | Carbatrol
Anticonvulsant/Mood Stabilizer
Brand names: Carbatrol, Tegretol, Tegretol XR, Epitol, Equetro
Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant with mood-stabilizing properties indicated for epilepsy, trigeminal neuralgia, and bipolar disorder. It is particularly effective for mixed episodes and rapid cycling...
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Cariprazine | Vraylar
Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Vraylar
Cariprazine is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for schizophrenia, manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder, and depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. It...
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Chlordiazepoxide | Limbitrol
Benzodiazepine
Brand names: Limbitrol (combination with amitriptyline), Librium
Chlordiazepoxide is a long-acting benzodiazepine available as monotherapy (Librium) for anxiety and alcohol withdrawal, and in combination with amitriptyline (Limbitrol) for depression with anxiety. It...
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Chlorpromazine | Thorazine
Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Thorazine
Chlorpromazine is the prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic, historically significant as the first effective treatment for schizophrenia. While largely superseded by newer antipsychotics, it remains indicated for...
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Citalopram | Celexa
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
Brand names: Celexa
Citalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) indicated for major depressive disorder. It has high selectivity for the serotonin transporter with minimal effects on...
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Clomipramine | Anafranil
Tricyclic Antidepressant
Brand names: Anafranil
Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant specifically indicated for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It is considered one of the most effective treatments for OCD and is often...
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Clonazepam | Klonopin
Benzodiazepine
Brand names: Klonopin, Rivotril
Clonazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine indicated for seizure disorders (particularly absence seizures and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome) and panic disorder. Its long half-life and potent anticonvulsant properties...
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Clorazepate | Tranxene
Benzodiazepine
Brand names: Tranxene, Gen-XENE
Clorazepate is a long-acting benzodiazepine indicated for anxiety disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal, and as adjunctive therapy in epilepsy. It is a prodrug that is converted...
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Clozapine | Clozaril
Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Clozaril, Versacloz, FazaClo
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for treatment-resistant schizophrenia and for reducing suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. It is considered the...
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D-methamphetamine | Desoxyn
CNS Stimulant
Brand names: Desoxyn
D-methamphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It is reserved for cases where...
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Desipramine | Norpramin
Tricyclic Antidepressant
Brand names: Norpramin
Desipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant indicated for the treatment of depression. It is considered one of the more tolerable tricyclics due to its relatively selective...
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Desvenlafaxine | Pristiq
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)
Brand names: Pristiq, Khedezla
Desvenlafaxine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults. It is the active metabolite of venlafaxine and...
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Dextromethorphan | Nuedexta
Combination NMDA Receptor Antagonist/Sodium Channel Blocker
Brand names: Nuedexta
Dextromethorphan-Quinidine is a unique combination medication specifically indicated for the treatment of pseudobulbar affect (PBA), a neurological condition characterized by involuntary, sudden, and frequent episodes...
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Diazepam | Valium
Benzodiazepine
Brand names: Valium, Diastat, Valtoco
Diazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine indicated for anxiety disorders, acute alcohol withdrawal, muscle spasticity, and seizure disorders. It is one of the most widely prescribed...
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Diphenhydramine | Benadryl
First-Generation Antihistamine
Brand names: Benadryl, Nytol, Sominex
Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine with anticholinergic and sedative properties indicated for allergic reactions, motion sickness, insomnia, and various other conditions. It is one of...
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Disulfiram | Antabuse
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitor
Brand names: Antabuse
Disulfiram is an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor indicated as an aid in the management of chronic alcoholism. It produces an acute sensitivity to ethanol, resulting in...
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Donepezil | Aricept
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Brand names: Aricept, Aricept ODT
Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type in mild, moderate, and severe stages. It is the most...
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Doxepin | Sinequan
Tricyclic Antidepressant/Sedating Antihistamine
Brand names: Sinequan, Silenor
Doxepin is available in two distinct formulations: higher-dose capsules (Sinequan) for depression and anxiety, and low-dose tablets (Silenor) specifically for insomnia. The dual applications reflect...
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Droperidol | Inapsine
Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Inapsine
Droperidol is a butyrophenone antipsychotic indicated for the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Important Note: This medication carries a Boxed Warning for...
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Duloxetine | Cymbalta
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)
Brand names: Cymbalta, Drizalma Sprinkle
Duloxetine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) indicated for major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia, and chronic musculoskeletal pain. Its dual...
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Escitalopram | Lexapro
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
Brand names: Lexapro
Escitalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) indicated for major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. It is the S-enantiomer of citalopram and demonstrates...
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Estazolam | ProSom
Benzodiazepine Hypnotic
Brand names: ProSom
Estazolam is an intermediate-acting benzodiazepine indicated for the short-term management of insomnia characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent nocturnal awakenings, and early morning awakening. It...
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Eszopiclone | Lunesta
Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotic (Z-drug)
Brand names: Lunesta
Eszopiclone is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic indicated for the treatment of insomnia. As a cyclopyrrolone derivative, it selectively binds to GABA-A receptors to promote sleep initiation...
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Ethosuximide | Zarontin
Anticonvulsant
Brand names: Zarontin
Ethosuximide is an anticonvulsant specifically indicated for the control of absence (petit mal) epilepsy. It is considered the drug of choice for absence seizures due...
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Flibanserin | Addyi
5-HT1A Receptor Agonist/5-HT2A Receptor Antagonist
Brand names: Addyi
Flibanserin is indicated for the treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women. It is the first and only FDA-approved medication specifically for...
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Fluoxetine | Prozac
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
Brand names: Prozac, Prozac Weekly, Sarafem
Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) indicated for depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bulimia nervosa, and panic disorder. It was the first SSRI approved and...
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Flupenthixol | Depixol
Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Depixol, Fluanxol
Flupenthixol is a thioxanthene antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Important Note: This medication is not available in the United...
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Fluphenazine | Prolixin
Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Prolixin, Prolixin Decanoate
Fluphenazine is a typical antipsychotic available in both oral and long-acting injectable formulations, indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. The decanoate...
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Flurazepam | Dalmane
Benzodiazepine Hypnotic
Brand names: Dalmane
Flurazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine indicated for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent nocturnal awakenings, and early morning awakening. It provides...
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Fluvoxamine | Luvox
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
Brand names: Luvox, Luvox CR
Fluvoxamine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) indicated for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in adults and children, and social anxiety disorder in...
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Gabapentin | Neurontin
Anticonvulsant/Neuropathic Pain Agent
Brand names: Neurontin, Gralise, Horizant
Gabapentin is an anticonvulsant medication indicated for partial seizures and postherpetic neuralgia. Despite structural similarity to GABA, it does not directly interact with GABA receptors...
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Guanfacine XR | Intuniv
Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist
Brand names: Intuniv
Guanfacine extended-release is a non-stimulant medication indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. It may...
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H
Haloperidol | Haldol
Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Haldol, Haldol Decanoate
Haloperidol is a butyrophenone antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia, acute psychosis, delirium, severe behavioral problems in children, and Tourette’s disorder. It is one...
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Hydroxyzine | Atarax
Antihistamine/Anxiolytic
Brand names: Atarax, Vistaril
Hydroxyzine is a first-generation antihistamine with anxiolytic properties indicated for the symptomatic relief of anxiety and tension associated with psychoneurosis and as an adjunct in...
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Iloperidone | Fanapt
Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Fanapt
Iloperidone is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults and acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I...
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Imipramine Pamoate | Tofranil-PM
Tricyclic Antidepressant
Brand names: Tofranil-PM
Imipramine pamoate is the long-acting formulation of imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant indicated for depression. The pamoate salt allows for once-daily dosing, which may improve adherence...
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Isocarboxazid | Marplan
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI)
Brand names: Marplan
Isocarboxazid is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) indicated for the treatment of depression in patients who have not responded to other antidepressant therapies. As an...
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Lamotrigine | Lamictal
Anticonvulsant/Mood Stabilizer
Brand names: Lamictal, Lamictal XR, Lamictal ODT
Lamotrigine is an anticonvulsant with mood-stabilizing properties indicated for epilepsy and bipolar disorder maintenance. It is particularly valuable for preventing depressive episodes in bipolar disorder...
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Levomilnacipran | Fetzima
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)
Brand names: Fetzima
Levomilnacipran is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults. It is the active enantiomer of milnacipran and...
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Lithium Carbonate | Eskalith
Mood Stabilizer
Brand names: Eskalith, Lithobid, Lithonate
Lithium carbonate is the gold standard mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder, indicated for acute manic episodes and maintenance therapy to prevent mood episodes. It remains...
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Lofepramine | Deprimyl
Tricyclic Antidepressant
Brand names: Deprimyl, Gamanil, Lomont
Lofepramine is a tricyclic antidepressant primarily available in European markets, indicated for the treatment of depression. It is considered one of the safer tricyclic antidepressants...
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Lorazepam | Ativan
Benzodiazepine
Brand names: Ativan, Loreev XR
Lorazepam is a intermediate-acting benzodiazepine indicated for the management of anxiety disorders and short-term relief of anxiety symptoms. It is also used for preoperative sedation...
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Loxapine | Adasuve
Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Adasuve, Loxitane
Loxapine is available in both oral (Loxitane) and inhaled (Adasuve) formulations. The inhaled form is specifically indicated for acute treatment of agitation associated with schizophrenia...
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Lurasidone | Latuda
Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Latuda
Lurasidone is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults and adolescents, and as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy for bipolar I disorder...
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M
Maprotiline | Ludiomil
Tetracyclic Antidepressant
Brand names: Ludiomil (discontinued in US), Deprilept, Psymion
Maprotiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant that was used for treating depression, particularly in patients who did not respond to tricyclic antidepressants. Important Note: This medication...
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Memantine | Namenda
NMDA Receptor Antagonist
Brand names: Namenda, Namenda XR, Ebixa, Axura
Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist specifically indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease. It represents a unique mechanism of action among...
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Mesoridazine | Serentil
Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Serentil (discontinued in US)
Mesoridazine was a phenothiazine antipsychotic that was indicated specifically for treatment-resistant schizophrenia in patients who failed to respond to other antipsychotic agents. Important Note: This...
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Methylphenidate (D, L) | Ritalin, Focalin
CNS Stimulant
Brand names: Ritalin, Ritalin SR, Ritalin LA, Concerta, Focalin, Focalin XR, Metadate CD, Methylin
Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant primarily indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and adults, and narcolepsy. It...
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Mianserin | Lerivon
Tetracyclic Antidepressant
Brand names: Lerivon, Tolvon
Mianserin is a tetracyclic antidepressant indicated for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. Important Note: This medication is not available in the United States...
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Milnacipran | Savella
Selective Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)
Brand names: Savella
Milnacipran is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) specifically indicated for the management of fibromyalgia in adults. Unlike other SNRIs primarily used for...
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Mirtazapine | Remeron
Atypical Antidepressant (Tetracyclic)
Brand names: Remeron, Remeron SolTab
Mirtazapine is an atypical tetracyclic antidepressant indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder. It has a unique mechanism of action that combines antidepressant efficacy...
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Moclobemide | Aurorix
Reversible Inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase A (RIMA)
Brand names: Aurorix, Manerix
Moclobemide is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder and social anxiety disorder. Important Note: This...
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Modafinil | Provigil
Wakefulness-Promoting Agent/CNS Stimulant
Brand names: Provigil, Alertec, Modavigil
Modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting agent indicated for excessive sleepiness associated with narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (as adjunct to standard treatment), and shift work sleep...
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Molindone | Moban
Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Moban (discontinued)
Molindone was a dihydroindolone antipsychotic indicated for the management of schizophrenia. Important Note: This medication was discontinued by its manufacturer (Endo Pharmaceuticals) in 2010, and...
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Naltrexone | Revia
Opioid Antagonist
Brand names: Revia, Vivitrol
Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist indicated for alcohol dependence and opioid dependence as part of a comprehensive treatment program. It blocks the euphoric and...
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Naltrexone-Buproprion | Contrave
Combination Appetite Suppressant/Weight Management Agent
Brand names: Contrave
Naltrexone-Bupropion is a combination medication indicated as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity for chronic weight management in adults with obesity...
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Nefazodone | Dutonin
Atypical Antidepressant
Brand names: Dutonin (discontinued), Serzone (discontinued)
Nefazodone was an atypical antidepressant indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Important Note: This medication was largely withdrawn from most markets due to...
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Nortriptyline | Pamelor
Tricyclic Antidepressant
Brand names: Pamelor, Aventyl
Nortriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant indicated for the treatment of depression. It is the active metabolite of amitriptyline and is often preferred among tricyclics due...
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Olanzapine | Zyprexa
Atypical Antipsychotic
Brand names: Zyprexa, Zyprexa Zydis, Zyprexa Relprevv
Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for schizophrenia, bipolar I disorder (manic or mixed episodes), and as maintenance treatment for bipolar disorder. It is also...
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Oxazepam | Serax
Benzodiazepine
Brand names: Serax
Oxazepam is a short- to intermediate-acting benzodiazepine indicated for the management of anxiety disorders and for the short-term relief of anxiety symptoms. It is also...
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Oxcarbazepine | Trilepta
Anticonvulsant
Brand names: Trileptal, Oxtellar XR
Oxcarbazepine is an anticonvulsant indicated for the treatment of partial-onset seizures as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in adults and children. It is structurally related to...
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Paliperidone | Invega
Atypical Antipsychotic
Brand names: Invega
Paliperidone is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. It is the active metabolite of risperidone, formulated as an extended-release...
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Paliperidone palmitate | Invega Sustenna
Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic
Brand names: Invega Sustenna
Paliperidone palmitate is a long-acting injectable atypical antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in adults. It provides sustained medication delivery over...
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Paroxetine | Paxil
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
Brand names: Paxil, Paxil CR, Pexeva
Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) indicated for major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic...
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Perphenazine | Trilafon
Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Trilafon
Perphenazine is a phenothiazine antipsychotic indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and for controlling severe nausea and vomiting in adults. It represents one of the...
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Phenelzine | Nardil
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI)
Brand names: Nardil
Phenelzine is a potent, non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) indicated for the treatment of atypical depression, particularly in patients who have not responded to other...
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Pimavanserin | Nuplazid
Atypical Antipsychotic (5-HT2A Inverse Agonist)
Brand names: Nuplazid
Pimavanserin is a novel atypical antipsychotic with a unique mechanism of action, specifically indicated for the treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson’s disease...
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Pimozide | Orap
Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Orap
Pimozide is a diphenylbutylpiperidine antipsychotic specifically indicated for the suppression of motor and phonic tics in patients with Tourette’s disorder who have failed to respond...
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Pregabalin | Lyrica
Anticonvulsant/Neuropathic Pain Agent
Brand names: Lyrica
Pregabalin is an anticonvulsant and neuropathic pain agent indicated for diabetic peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, fibromyalgia, and as adjunctive therapy for partial-onset seizures. It represents...
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Procyclidine | Kemadrin
Anticholinergic/Antiparkinsonian Agent
Brand names: Kemadrin
Procyclidine is an anticholinergic agent primarily indicated for the treatment of parkinsonism and drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms. It effectively counteracts the muscarinic effects that contribute to...
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Propranolol | Inderal
Beta-Blocker
Brand names: Inderal, Inderal LA
Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker with extensive psychiatric applications including performance anxiety, akathisia, aggressive behavior, and tremor. While primarily a cardiovascular medication, it has important...
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Protriptyline | Triptil
Tricyclic Antidepressant
Brand names: Triptil, Vivactil
Protriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant with unique activating properties among TCAs, making it less sedating than other tricyclics. It has a very long half-life (54-198...
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Q
Quazepam | Dora
Benzodiazepine
Brand names: Doral
Quazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine indicated for insomnia. It has one of the longest half-lives among benzodiazepines (39-73 hours), making it effective for sleep maintenance...
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Quetiapine | Seroquel
Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Seroquel, Seroquel XR
Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic with a unique receptor profile, indicated for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and as adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder. It has...
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Ramelteon | Rozerem
Melatonin Receptor Agonist
Brand names: Rozerem
Ramelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist indicated for insomnia characterized by difficulty with sleep onset. It selectively targets melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors to promote...
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Reboxetine | Norebox
Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)
Brand names: Norebox, Edronax
Reboxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor indicated for depression in some international markets but not approved in the United States. It represents one of...
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Risperidone | Risperdal
Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Risperdal, Risperdal Consta, Risperdal M-Tab
Risperidone is one of the first atypical antipsychotics, indicated for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism-related irritability. It has a well-established efficacy and safety profile across...
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Rivastigmine | Exelon
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Brand names: Exelon, Exelon Patch
Rivastigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor indicated for mild to moderate dementia of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease dementia. It is available in both oral and...
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S
Selegiline | Eldepryl
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAO-B Selective)
Brand names: Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar
Selegiline is a selective MAO-B inhibitor available in oral and transdermal formulations. At low oral doses, it selectively inhibits MAO-B and is used as adjunctive...
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Sertindole | Serdolect
Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Serdolect
Sertindole is an atypical antipsychotic with high selectivity for dopamine D2, serotonin 5-HT2A, and alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It was withdrawn from many markets due to...
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Sertraline | Zoloft
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
Brand names: Zoloft
Sertraline is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) indicated for depression, panic disorder, PTSD, social anxiety disorder, and OCD. It is one of the most...
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Sodium Oxybate | Xyrem
CNS Depressant/GABA-B Agonist
Brand names: Xyrem, Xywav
Sodium oxybate is a central nervous system depressant indicated for cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy. It is the sodium salt of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)...
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Sulpiride | Dolmatil
Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Dolmatil, Dogmatil
Sulpiride is an atypical antipsychotic with selective dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonism, primarily available in European and other international markets. It has a dose-dependent mechanism similar...
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Suvorexant | Belsomra
Orexin Receptor Antagonist
Brand names: Belsomra
Suvorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist indicated for insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance. It represents a novel mechanism for...
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Tasimelteon | Hetilioz
Melatonin Receptor Agonist
Brand names: Hetlioz
Tasimelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist indicated for Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder in totally blind individuals. It is a selective agonist at melatonin MT1 and MT2...
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Temazepam | Restoril
Benzodiazepine
Brand names: Restoril
Temazepam is an intermediate-acting benzodiazepine specifically indicated for insomnia. It has a half-life of 8-15 hours, making it suitable for sleep maintenance with relatively minimal...
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Thioridazine | Mellaril
Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Mellaril
Thioridazine is a low-potency typical antipsychotic that was widely used for schizophrenia but has been largely discontinued due to serious cardiac safety concerns, particularly QT...
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Thiothixene | Navane
Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Navane
Thiothixene is a high-potency typical antipsychotic from the thioxanthene class, indicated for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. It has similar efficacy to phenothiazine antipsychotics but...
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Tianeptine | Coaxil
Atypical Antidepressant
Brand names: Coaxil, Stablon
Tianeptine is an atypical antidepressant with a unique mechanism of action involving mu-opioid receptor agonism and modulation of glutamate neurotransmission. It is available in some...
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Topiramate | Topamax
Anticonvulsant
Brand names: Topamax
Topiramate is an anticonvulsant with multiple mechanisms of action, indicated for epilepsy and migraine prevention. It has extensive off-label use for bipolar disorder, weight loss,...
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Tranylcypromine | Parnate
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI)
Brand names: Parnate
Tranylcypromine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) indicated for treatment-resistant depression. It is one of the most potent MAOIs and may have some stimulant-like properties...
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Trazadone XR | Oleptro
Atypical Antidepressant
Brand names: Oleptro
Trazodone XR (Oleptro) is an extended-release formulation of trazodone indicated specifically for major depressive disorder. Note: Oleptro is no longer marketed in the United States;...
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Trazodone | Desyrel
Atypical Antidepressant
Brand names: Desyrel
Trazodone is an atypical antidepressant with sedating properties, commonly used off-label for insomnia at low doses (25-100 mg) and for depression at higher doses (150-600...
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Triazolam | Halcion
Benzodiazepine
Brand names: Halcion
Triazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia. It has one of the shortest half-lives among benzodiazepines (1.5-5.5 hours), making it...
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Trifluopearzine | Stelazine
Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Stelazine
Trifluoperazine is a high-potency typical antipsychotic indicated for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. As a phenothiazine derivative, it has strong dopamine-blocking activity with relatively less...
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Trihexyphenidyl | Artane
Anticholinergic (Antiparkinsonian Agent)
Brand names: Artane
Trihexyphenidyl is an anticholinergic medication indicated for Parkinson’s disease and drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms. It is commonly used to treat extrapyramidal side effects caused by antipsychotic...
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Trimipramine Maleate | Surmontil
Tricyclic Antidepressant
Brand names: Surmontil
Trimipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant with unique properties among TCAs, including minimal anticholinergic effects and less disruption of REM sleep. It is indicated for depression...
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Valproic Acid/750–4,200 | Depakene
Anticonvulsant/Mood Stabilizer
Brand names: Depakene, Depakote, Depakote ER
Valproic acid (and its derivatives divalproex sodium) is an anticonvulsant with mood-stabilizing properties indicated for epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and migraine prevention. It is considered a...
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Varenicline | Chantix
Partial Nicotinic Receptor Agonist
Brand names: Chantix, Champix
Varenicline is a partial agonist at alpha-4 beta-2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors indicated for smoking cessation. It works by reducing nicotine craving and withdrawal symptoms while...
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Venlafaxine | Effexor
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)
Brand names: Effexor, Effexor XR
Venlafaxine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) indicated for major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. It was the first...
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Vilazodone | Viibryd
Serotonin Partial Agonist Reuptake Inhibitor (SPARI)
Brand names: Viibryd
Vilazodone is a novel antidepressant that combines serotonin reuptake inhibition with partial agonism at 5-HT1A receptors, indicated for major depressive disorder. This dual mechanism may...
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Vortioxetine | Trintellix
Serotonin Modulator and Stimulator
Brand names: Trintellix, Brintellix
Vortioxetine is a novel antidepressant with multimodal activity indicated for major depressive disorder. It combines serotonin reuptake inhibition with direct modulation of multiple serotonin receptor...
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Zaleplon | Sonata
Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotic (Z-drug)
Brand names: Sonata
Zaleplon is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia, specifically for difficulty with sleep initiation. It has the shortest half-life (1 hour)...
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Ziprasidone | Geodon
Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Geodon, Zeldox
Ziprasidone is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It has a unique receptor profile with significant serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition in...
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Zolpidem | Ambien
Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotic (Z-drug)
Brand names: Ambien, Ambien CR, Edluar, Zolpimist, Intermezzo
Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia. It is available in multiple formulations including immediate-release, controlled-release, sublingual, and oral spray...
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Zonisamide | Zonegran
Anticonvulsant
Brand names: Zonegran
Zonisamide is an anticonvulsant indicated for adjunctive therapy in partial seizures. It has a unique mechanism involving multiple targets including sodium and calcium channels, and...
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Zopiclone | Imovane
Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotic (Z-drug)
Brand names: Imovane, Zimovane
Zopiclone is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia. It is the racemic mixture of eszopiclone and is widely available internationally, though...
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Zotepine | Lodopin
Atypical (Second-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Lodopin, Nipolept
Zotepine is an atypical antipsychotic primarily available in Asian and some European markets, indicated for schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. It has a complex receptor...
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Zuclopenthixol | Clopixol
Typical (First-Generation) Antipsychotic
Brand names: Clopixol, Clopixol Depot, Clopixol Acuphase
Zuclopenthixol is a typical antipsychotic available in multiple formulations including oral tablets, short-acting injection (Acuphase), and long-acting depot injection. It is primarily used in European...
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Psychopharmacology Bulletin (ISSN 2472-2448) is indexed in PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Citation Index, and other major medical databases.
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