VOL 36 No. 1

TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE

Lithium Salts in AIDS and AIDS-Related Dementia

Brian H. Harvey, PhD, Catharina L. Meyer, MSc, Vincent S. Gallicchio, PhD, and Husseini K. Manji, MD, FRCPC

Agents currently in use against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, including the prospects of a vaccine, have focused primarily on destroying or disabling the virus. This strategy is hampered by the ephemeral nature of the...

Pages 5-26 Read Article

TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE

Stress, Depression, and Inherited Variation in Primate Hippocampal and Prefrontal Brain Development

David M. Lyons, PhD

The search for genetic and environmental risk factors that alter brain growth and emotional development is limited in humans with affective disorders that are triggered or aggravated by stress. Animal models are particularly well suited...

Pages 27-43 Read Article

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Pharmacokinetics of Mood Stabilizers and New Anticonvulsants

Po W. Wang, MD, and Terence A. Ketter, MD

Mechanisms of action, efficacy spectra, pharmacokinetics, and adverse effects differentiate the mood stabilizers lithium, carbamazepine (CBZ), and valproate (VPA). Lithium, which has a low therapeutic index, is excreted through the kidneys, resulting in renally mediated,...

Pages 44-66 Read Article

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Emerging Significance of P-glycoprotein in Understanding Drug Disposition and Drug Interactions in Psychopharmacology

Stanley W. Carson, PharmD, FCCP, BCPP, Aliou D. Ousmanou, PharmD, and Sheri L. Hoyler, PharmD

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a member of the superfamily of energy-dependent efflux protein pumps involved in the transport of a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous substrates. The role of P-gp has been extensively studied in...

Pages 67-81 Read Article

COMPLICATED CASE HISTORIES

Akathisia, Panic, Agoraphobia, and Major Depression Following Brief Exposure to Metoclopramide

Theodore J. AnWnson, MD

Psychiatric complications from nonpsychiatric medications are common. Our understanding of these phenomena is often limited, due to the relative infrequency of their occurrence for individual agents and the complexity of the pharmacological systems involved. This...

Pages 82-93 Read Article

COMPLICATED CASE HISTORIES

Social Anxiety Disorder and the Neurobiology of Social Relationships

Philip T. Ninan, MD

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent anxiety disorder with the potential for considerable impairment. A patient with SAD is presented and treatment options are discussed. Novel concepts guiding our understanding of the neurobiology of...

Pages 94-108 Read Article

BRAIN IMAGING

Pharmacological Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Betty Jo Salmeron, MD, and Elliot A. Stein, PhD

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are capable of spatial and temporal resolution and within subject repeatability that far exceed other currently available methods of noninvasively investigating brain functioning. While functional MRI (fMRI) techniques have traditionally...

Pages 102-129 Read Article

GENERAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Management of Treatment Refractory Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents

Karen Dineen Wagner, MD, PhD

Psychostimulants are the first-line treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. A minimum of two psychostimulant trials should be instituted before a child’s symptoms of ADHD are considered treatment refractory. Clinical issues of...

Pages 130-142 Read Article

GENERAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Antipsychotic-Induced Hyperprolactinemia and Sexual Dysfunction

Michael T. Compton, MD, and Andrew H. Miller, MD

This overview of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia provides a summary of the current literature in relation to conventional antipsychotic agents and the five atypical antipsychotics currently available in the United States—clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and ziprasidone. Dopaminergic...

Pages 143-164 Read Article

GENERAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

The Psychopharmacology of Fibromyalgia: A Drug Development Perspective

Jay D. Kranzler, MD, PhD, Judith F. Gendreau, MD, and Srinivas G. Rao, MD, PhD

The fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is the most frequent cause of chronic widespread pain. In this review, we summarize the state of the art on the syndrome and its pathophysiology, with an emphasis on identifying bases...

Pages 165-213 Read Article