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Articles related to: depression, depression and medical illness, depression guidelines

Research Articles

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depression depression and medical illness depression guidelines
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

A Retrospective Study of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Management Profile (MooD-MaP) of Patients Admitted at the Makati Medical Center from 2014–2017

Carmina Charmaine G Bernardo, Elaine Angela O Leynes, Sophia Grace Benosa, Lorraine Freyja Linsangan, Robin Myan Dantes, Vichka Claire Sison, Ormalyn Bayting
Mood and anxiety disorders are leading causes of psychiatric hospitalization. However, data on real-world inpatient psychopharmacologic practices in the Philippines are limited. This study aims to describe the clinical characteristics and psychotropic medication prescribing patterns...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 56(2): 68-93, 2026/03/11
Pages 68-93 Read Article
GENERAL PSYCHIATRY

Systematic Review of Second-Generation Antidepressant Monotherapy for Acute Bipolar-II Depression

Ahmed Elmosalamy, Nicola Keeth, Jin Hong Park, Danielle J Gerberi, Susan L McElroy, Mark A Frye, Balwinder Singh
Purpose Individuals with Bipolar II disorder (BD-II) face high rates of depression and have limited FDA-approved treatments, leading to treatment delays and poor functioning. Although not commonly recommended, monoaminergic antidepressants are prescribed to 50% of...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 55(4): 79-103, 2025/07/04
Pages 79-103 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Comparison of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Preclinical and Clinical Dental Students

Yohana Yusra, Indrayadi Gunardi, Wiwiek Poedjiastoeti, Anggraeny Putri Sekar Palupi, Ade Prijanti Dwisaptarini, Jamison Wijaya, Elizabeth Fitriana Sari
Objective To compare factors correlating with stress, anxiety, and depression between dental students (DS) in preclinical (PP) and clinical programs (CP). Method This study involved 165 DS, utilizing the DASS-21, GAD-7, PSS-10, and PHQ-9 assessments....
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 55(4): 55-67, 2025/07/04
Pages 55-67 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Assessment of the Correlation Between Unipolar and Bipolar Depression, Calcium Levels, Thyroid Function, and Inflammatory Markers: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study

Marta Ielmini, Daniela Gallo, Maria Laura Tanda, Eliana Piantanida, Camilla Callegari, Ivano Caselli
Recent mental health research has highlighted the critical role of inflammation in conditions like depression and bipolar disorder, examining correlations with markers such as calcium levels, thyroid function, and inflammatory markers. The study aims to...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 55(2): 8-23, 2025/02/03
Pages 8-23 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Association Between Symptom Severity and Medication Adherence in Adults with Bipolar Disorder Reporting Adherence Challenges

Martha Sajatovic, Farren Briggs, Clara Adeniyi, Jacob Koopman, Jessica Black, Celeste Weise, Nicole Fiorelli, Joy Yala, Mohammad Lesanpezeshki, Douglas Einstadter, Jennifer B Levin
Background Given the importance of medication adherence among individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), this analysis from an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) examined the relationship between BD symptoms, functioning and adherence in 69 poorly adherent...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 54(3): 60-72, 2024/07/08
Pages 60-72 Read Article
GENERAL PSYCHIATRY

A Unique Delusion with Depression in Early Stage of Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Vascular Disease: Considerations for Clinicians

Mounica Thootkur, Binx Yezhe Lin, Akhil S Pola, Alexander Zhang, Zhengshan Liu, Michael Greenage, Justin White, Mamta Sapra
As global aging becomes more prominent, neurocognitive disorders (NCD) incidence has increased. Patients with NCD usually have an impairment in one or more cognitive domains, such as attention, planning, inhibition, learning, memory, language, visual perception,...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 54(2): 28-33, 2024/04/04
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REVIEW ARTICLE

Treatment-Resistant Juvenile Depression—A Quicksand?

Ahmed Naguy, Saxby Pridmore, Hessa Alhazeem, Bibi Alamiri
Though research in juvenile depression is advancing, evidence examining effective treatments for Treatment-resistant juvenile depression remains at large limited. There is a dire need for more studies to help guide clinicians navigating these challenging cases.
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 53(4): 54-56, 2023/12/04
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REVIEW ARTICLE

On the Origins of MAOI Misconceptions: Reaffirming their Role in Melancholic Depression

Vincent Van den Eynde, Gordon Parker, Henricus G. Ruhé, Tom K. Birkenhäger, Lila Godet, Edward Shorter, Peter Kenneth Gillman
The first monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) used for the treatment of depression in the 1950–60s were credited with treating severe melancholic depression (MeD) successfully and greatly reducing the need for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Following the...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 53(3): 35-54, 2023/08/11
Pages 35-54 Read Article
GENERAL PSYCHIATRY

Pharmacological Interventions versus Combined Treatment of Depression: A Prospective Study

Caselli I, Bellini A, Colombo S, Ielmini M, Callegari C
Depression is a common disease worldwide but still, the role of combined treatment (pharmacological and psychological interventions) needs to be clarified. The study aims to compare the effectiveness of integrated treatment versus exclusive pharmacological intervention...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 52(4): 69-82, 2022/10/27
Pages 69-82 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Nutraceutical Combination in Major Depression Disorder: A Case-Control Study

Marta Ielmini, Ivano Caselli, Francesca Ceccon, Marcello Diurni, Nicola Poloni, Camilla Callegari
Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a primary cause of disability in adults, affecting daily functioning and decreasing quality of life. The focus on the role of nutraceuticals as adjunctive treatments to improve antidepressant response...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 51(4): 31-39, 2021/11/03
Pages 31-39 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Treatment of Insomnia with Zaleplon in HIV+ Significantly Improves Sleep and Depression

Jennifer R. Goldschmied, Arjun Sengupta, Anup Sharma, Lynne Taylor, Knashawn H. Morales, Michael E. Thase, Michael E. Thase, Aalim Weljie, Matthew S. Kayser
More than 50% of individuals who are HIV positive report insomnia, which can reduce HIV treatment adherence, impair quality of life, and contribute to metabolic dysfunction. Major depressive disorder is also highly comorbid in this...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 51(3): 50-64, 2021/06/01
Pages 50-64 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Patient Response Trajectories in Major Depressive Disorder

Klaus G. Larsen, Sidney H. Kennedy, Elin Heldbo Reines, Michael E. Thase
Objective To investigate whether the efficacy of antidepressants can be understood in terms of patient response-trajectory classes. Experimental Design Patient-level data were analysed from 1357 adults with MDD randomised to either escitalopram 20 mg/day (...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 50(4): 8-28, 2020/09/14
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REVIEW ARTICLE

Efficacy and Tolerability of Lamotrigine in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mehak Pahwa, Nicolas A Nuñez, Boney Joseph, Ashok Seshadri, Danielle J Gerberi, Mark A Frye, Balwinder Singh
Background Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) have a high prevalence of mood disorders. Lamotrigine (LAM) is often used as an off-label therapeutic option for BPD. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 50(4): 118-136, 2020/09/14
Pages 118-136 Read Article
REVIEW ARTICLE

Cannabis Use and its Association with Psychological Disorders

Ivan Urits, Kyle Gress, Karina Charipova, Nathan Li, Amnon A. Berger, Elyse M. Cornett, Jamal Hasoon, Hisham Kassem, Alan D. Kaye, Omar Viswanath
Purpose of Review: This is a comprehensive review of the association between cannabis use and psychological disorders. It reviews the latest and seminal evidence that is available and attempts to conclude the strength of such...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 50(2): 56-67, 2020/05/19
Pages 56-67 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Asenapine in the Treatment of Bipolar Depression

Rif S. El-Mallakh, Sharon Nuss, Dong Gao, Yonglin Gao, Surriya Colleen Ahmad, Clare Schrodt, Caleb Adler
Objectives: Asenapine, a potent serotonin 7 (5-HT 7 ) receptor antagonist, was examined for efficacy as an antidepressant in depressed bipolar subjects. It was predicted that subjects with the genetic variant of the short form...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 50(1): 8-18, 2020/03/12
Pages 8-18 Read Article
GENERAL PSYCHIATRY

Psychiatric Prescribing Patterns for Depression Treatment in an Outpatient Depression Clinic

Roberta E. Wilson, Sarah J. Choi, Sagar V. Parikh, Jolene R. Bostwick
Objective: To elucidate psychiatric prescribing patterns for depression treatment in patients being seen by an outpatient depression clinic as of 2018. Experimental Design: Single-center, observational analysis. Principle Observation: Selective serotonin receptor inhibitors are most commonly...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 50(1): 28-34, 2020/03/12
Pages 28-34 Read Article
EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE

A Pilot Evaluating Clinical Pharmacy Services in an Ambulatory Psychiatry Setting

Valerie A. Lindell, Nicole L. Stencel, Rachel C. Ives, Kristen M. Ward, Thomas Fluent, Hae Mi Choe, Jolene R. Bostwick
Objectives A pilot of clinical services provided by psychiatric clinical pharmacists in an outpatient clinic are described and evaluated. The primary objective was to evaluate the difference in change of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 and/or...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 48(2): 18-28, 2018/02/05
Pages 18-28 Read Article
ORIGINAL PRESENTATIONS

Long-Term Safety and Tolerability of Valbenazine (NBI-98854) in Subjects with Tardive Dyskinesia and a Diagnosis of Schizophrenia or Mood Disorder

Richard C. Josiassen, John M. Kane, Grace S. Liang, Joshua Burke, Christopher F. O’Brien
Background The short-term safety profile of once-daily valbenazine (NBI-98854) has been evaluated in several double-blind, placebo-controlled (DBPC) trials in adults with tardive dyskinesia (TD) who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia/schizoaffective (SCHZ) disorder or mood disorder....
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 47(3): 61-68, 2017/08/01
Pages 61-68 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Impact of a Student Pharmacist Driven Medication Reconciliation and Antidepressant Treatment History Project at a Depression Clinic: A Pilot Study

Stella S. Tang, Leanna Jaward, Kristen Ward, Sagar V. Parikh, Jolene R. Bostwick
Objectives To improve treatment of patients with depression, a new pilot service project involving student pharmacists who would conduct medication reconciliation and review of antidepressant treatment history was created and evaluated. Experimental design A prospective...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 47(2): 36-41, 2017/05/15
Pages 36-41 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Sexual Pain among Malaysian Women Receiving Antidepressant: A Comparison between Escitalopram and Fluoxetine

Hatta Sidi, Duni Asmidar, Loh Huai Seng, Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar, Marhani Midi, Ng Chong Guan
Objectives The current study compares the risk of sexual pain in depressed female patients in remission between those who were treated with Escitalopram and Fluoxetine. The associated factors were also examined. Methods This is a...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 46(1): 24-35, 2016/03/01
Pages 24-35 Read Article
GENERAL PSYCHIATRY

Paroxetine—The Antidepressant from Hell? Probably Not, But Caution Required

Robert M. Nevels, Samuel T. Gontkovsky, Bryman E. Williams
Paroxetine, also known by the trade names Aropax, Paxil, Pexeva, Seroxat, Sereupin and Brisdelle, was first marketed in the U.S. in 1992. Effective for major depression and various anxiety disorders, it quickly gained a sizable...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 46(1): 77-104, 2016/03/01
Pages 77-104 Read Article
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Agomelatine for Depression in Schizophrenia: A Case-Series

Jochen Mutschler, Nicolas Rüsch, Herdis Schönfelder, Uwe Herwig, Annette B. Brühl, Martin Grosshans, Wulf Rössler, Heike Russmann
Objectives Agomelatine, a melatonin (MT1/MT2) receptor agonist and 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, is a new antidepressant and a potential therapeutic option for major depressive episodes and negative symptoms in persons with schizophrenia. We investigated such treatment...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 45(1): 35-43, 2012/02/15
Pages 35-43 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Rater Training for a Multi-Site, International Clinical Trial:What Mood Symptoms may be most Difficult to Rate?

Martha Sajatovic, Richa Gaur, Curtis Tatsuoka, Susan De Santi, Nathan Lee, Judith Laredo, Sulabh Tripathi
Aims Given resource constraints in conducting clinical trials, it is critical that rater training focuses on scale items wherein standardization is most challenging. This analysis examined mood disorder symptom ratings submitted in an online rater...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 44(3): 5-14, 2011/09/15
Pages 5-14 Read Article
COMPLICATED CASE HISTORIES

Antidepressant Induced Apathy Responsive to Dose Reduction

Sreekant Kodela, Pavan Dontineni Venkata
Apathy has a significant negative impact on the quality of life. It can be a part of other axis I and axis III disorders such as depression. It has also been reported as a treatment...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 43(4): 76-79, 2011/01/07
Pages 76-79 Read Article
DRUG DISPOSITION & PHARMACOKINETICS

Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in – A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis

Nina V. Kraguljac, Victor M. Montori, Mani Pavuluri, High S. Chai, Brian S. Wilson, Sencan S. Unal
Objectives: Existing efficacy trials of Omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids in mood disorders have yielded inconsistent results. The current paper is an effort to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate efficacy of ω-3 fatty...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 42(3): 39-54, 2009/08/24
Pages 39-54 Read Article
COMPLICATED CASE HISTORIES

Exercise for Depression: Efficacy, Safety and Clinical Trial Implications

Boadie W. Dunlop, Rachel L. Self
Exercise is gaining interest as a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Though not yet fully established as an efficacious therapy for psychiatric disorders, exercise has well-established benefits for physical health and overall well-being. However,...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 41(4): 65-75, 2008/11/10
Pages 65-75 Read Article
EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE

Correlates of Functioning in Bipolar Disorder

Laszlo Gyulai, Mark S. Bauer, Lauren B. Marangell, Ellen B. Dennehy, Michael E. Thase, Michael W. Otto, Hongwei Zhang, Stephen R. Wisniewski, David J. Miklowitz, Mark H. Rapaport, Claudia F. Baldassano, and Gary S. Sachs for the STEP-BD Investigators
Objectives: Our primary aim was to describe unique correlates of functioning in bipolar disorder (BD). Experimental Design: The study included the first 500 patients enrolled in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD)....
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 41(4): 51-63, 2008/11/10
Pages 51-63 Read Article
GENERAL PSYCHIATRY

Placebo Response in Depression: A Perspective for Clinical Practice

Arif Khan, Shirin Khan
Practicing clinicians appreciate that depression is not an easy disorder to treat and manage. Despite the plethora of new treatments—both pharmacological and non-pharmacological—that has flooded the market in the past years, we are still nowhere...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 41(3): 91-98, 2008/07/28
Pages 91-98 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Efficacy of Duloxetine for the Treatment of Depression: Relationship to Most Recent Antidepressant Trial

Timothy Petersen, PhD, Roy H. Perlis, MD, Chris Ticknor, MD, Jim Lohr, MD, H. Brent Solvason, MD, PhD, John P. O’Reardon, MD, Madelaine M. Wohlreich, MD, Charissa Andreotti, BSc, Michael Wilson, MS, and Maurizio Fava, MD
To describe and examine, in a sample of depressed outpatients, the relationship between level of response to a previous SSRI or SNRI antidepressant trial and subsequent response to duloxetine hydrochloride. Experimental Design: Data collected from...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 41(1): 34-36, 2008/02/12
Pages 34-36 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

A Pilot Controlled Trial of Bupropion XL Versus Escitalopram in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

By Alexander Bystritsky, MD, Lauren Kerwin, BA, Jamie D. Feusner, MD, and Tanya Vapnik, PhD
Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of bupropion XL (150–300 mg/day) with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram (10–20 mg/day) in outpatients diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Methods: Twenty-four participants with GAD between...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 41(1): 46-51, 2008/02/12
Pages 46-51 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Efficacy of Print Advertising for a Bipolar Disorder Study

Timothy Petersen, PhD, Roy H. Perlis, MD, Chris Ticknor, MD, Jim Lohr, MD, H. Brent Solvason, MD, PhD, John P. O’Reardon, MD, Madelaine M. Wohlreich, MD, Charissa Andreotti, BSc, Michael Wilson, MS, and Maurizio Fava, MD
To describe and examine, in a sample of depressed outpatients, the relationship between level of response to a previous SSRI or SNRI antidepressant trial and subsequent response to duloxetine hydrochloride. Experimental Design: Data collected from...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 41(1): 136-141, 2008/02/12
Pages 136-141 Read Article
REVIEW

Androgens and the Aging Male

Stuart N. Seidman, MD
In contrast to women, men do not experience a sudden cessation of gonadal function comparable to menopause. However, there is a progressive reduction in male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis function: testosterone levels decline through both central...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 40(4): 203-218, 2008/01/23
Pages 203-218 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Treatment Effects of Selegiline Transdermal System on Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Short-Term, Placebo-Controlled, Efficacy Trials

Donald S. Robinson, MD, Michelle L. Gilmor, PhD, Ying Yang, PhD, George Moonsammy, PhD, Albert J. Azzaro, PhD, Dan A. Oren, MD, and Bryan J. Campbell, PharmD
Objective: Selegiline transdermal system (STS) is efficacious for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). This meta-analysis explores treatment effects of STS for individual symptoms of MDD derived from line-item analyses of the 28-item Hamilton...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 40(3): 15-28, 2007/11/14
Pages 15-28 Read Article
GENERAL PSYCHIATRY

Do Antipsychotic Drugs Influence Suicidal Behavior in Schizophrenia?

Eduardo J. Aguilar, MD, PhD and Samuel G. Siris, MD
The literature concerning the net effect of antipsychotic medication on suicidality in patients with schizophrenia is not consistent. This review assesses this problem in the light of relevant research. MEDLINE was used to search for...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 40(3): 128-142, 2007/11/06
Pages 128-142 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Defining the Clinical Course of Bipolar Disorder: Response, Remission, Relapse, Recurrence, and Roughening

Robert MA Hirschfeld, MD, Joseph R. Calabrese, MD, Mark A. Frye, MD, Philip W. Lavori, PhD, Gary Sachs, MD, Michael E. Thase, MD, and Karen Dineen Wagner, MD, PhD
Objective: This manuscript presents working definitions for key clinical course indicators for bipolar disorder, including response, remission, relapse, recurrence, and roughening. Method: A work group of experts in bipolar disorder reviewed prior efforts to define...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 40(3): 1-8, 2007/10/20
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REVIEW ARTICLE

Evidence-Based Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders with Comorbid Medical Illnesses: The Need for Large Simple Clinical Trials

Warren D.Taylor, MD, P. Murali Doraiswamy, M.B.,B.S., and K. Ranga R. Krishnan, M.B.,B.S
When discussing psychiatric illnesses in the elderly, one cannot ignore coexisting medical problems. With aging, there is a rapid increase in the prevalence of medical disorders including cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, heart disease, and arthritis....
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 40(4): 5-11, 2007/08/15
Pages 5-11 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Citalopram Versus Amitriptyline in Elderly Depressed Patients with or without Mild Cognitive Dysfunction: A Danish Multicentre Trial in General Practice

Claus Rosenberg, MD, Lise Lauritzen, MD, Jørgen Brix, MD, Jørgen B. Jørgensen, MD, Palle Kofod, MD, and Liselotte Been Bayer
This double-blind, multicenter trial, carried out in general practice in Denmark, comprised 221 women and 70 men, aged 58–97 years, with major depression (with or without mild cognitive dysfunction) or dysthymia (DSM-III-R). Patients had a...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 40(1): 63-73, 2007/01/19
Pages 63-73 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Paroxetine for Noncardiac Chest Pain

P. Murali Doraiswamy, MD, Indira Varia, MD, Caroline Hellegers, MA, H. Ryan Wagner, PhD, Greg L. Clary, MD, John L. Beyer, MD, L. Kristin Newby, MD, John F. O’Connor, MD, Katherine L. Beebe, PhD, Christopher O’Connor, MD, and K. Ranga R. Krishnan, MD
Noncardiac chest pain occurs frequently in medical practice and is often difficult to treat. We conducted a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week trial of paroxetine in 50 patients with noncardiac chest pain. None of the patients...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 39(1): 15-24, 2006/09/21
Pages 15-24 Read Article
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Brief Report: Paroxetine in Younger and Adult Individuals at High Risk for Suicide

Mark S. Bauer, MD, Stephen R. Wisniewski, PhD, Jane N. Kogan, PhD, Lauren B. Marangell, MD, Michael E. Thase, MD, Gary Sachs, MD, for the STEP-BD Investigators
Paroxetine has been associated with increased rates of suicidality in adolescents treated in antidepressant clinical trials. Regulatory agencies in the United States and the UK have issued warnings that are already changing clinical practice for...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 39(1): 31-37, 2006/09/21
Pages 31-37 Read Article
EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE

Rational Antidepressant Selection: Applying Evidence-Based Medicine to Complex Real-World Patients

Mark S. Bauer, MD, Stephen R. Wisniewski, PhD, Jane N. Kogan, PhD, Lauren B. Marangell, MD, Michael E. Thase, MD, Gary Sachs, MD, for the STEP-BD Investigators
Every clinician faces the daily question of which antidepressant is best for a particular depressed patient. Double-blind studies submitted for U.S. Federal Drug Administration marketing approval include only the “purest” population of patients, and the...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 39(1): 38-104, 2006/09/21
Pages 38-104 Read Article
BRAIN IMAGING

Applications of Neuroreceptor Imaging to Psychiatry Research

Gwenn S. Smith, PhD, Jeremy Koppel, MD, and Sara Goldberg, BA
Over the past two decades, there have been significant advances in the ability to study the neurochemistry of the living brain using neuroreceptor radiotracers with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 37(4): 26-56, 2004/02/27
Pages 26-56 Read Article
PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITIES

Cholesterol-Lowering Medication and Relapse of Depression

David C. Steffens, MD, MHS, Douglas R. McQuoid, BS, and K. Ranga Rama Krishnan, MB, ChB
This study sought to examine the effects of taking cholesterol-lowering medication on outcomes of depression among older depressed adults. Two hundred forty-three elderly depressed patients were treated using an antidepressant algorithm by a geriatric psychiatrist...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 37(4): 92-98, 2004/02/27
Pages 92-98 Read Article
TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE

Tryptophan Depletion, Serotonin, and Depression: Where Do We Stand?

Tryptophan depletion is a widely used paradigm to study serotonin system-related mechanisms in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. There is convincing evidence that tryptophan depletion primarily and selectively affects serotonergic transmission. The behavioral data...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 37(4): 99-115, 2004/02/20
Pages 99-115 Read Article
TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE

IFN-Induced Depression: A Role for NSAIDs

Gregory M. Asnis, MD, Richard De La Garza II, PhD, Shari R. Kohn, PhD, John F. Reinus, MD, Margaret Henderson, MD, and Johar Shah, MD
Interferon-α (IFN) is widely used for the treatment of viral illnesses and other chronic diseases, though its usefulness is hampered by a problematic side-effect profile. In particular, IFN-α induces neuropsychiatric and neurotoxic side effects, including...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 37(3): 29-50, 2003/07/15
Pages 29-50 Read Article

Paroxetine Treatment of Depression in Late Life

Charles F. Reynolds III, MD
The elderly population is growing at a rapid rate and currently constitutes more than 12% of the United States’ population. Within the next 30 years, the number of elderly persons is expected to more than...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 37(Suppl. 1): 123-134, 2003/04/22
Pages 123-134 Read Article
BRAIN IMAGING

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Studies of Neurotransmission in Vivo

Graeme F. Mason, PhD
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of hydrogen and carbon allows the study of neurochemical alterations in neuropsychiatric disorders. This paper discusses the basic theory of MRS to provide an understanding of this complex technical area. A...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 37(2): 26-40, 2003/04/15
Pages 26-40 Read Article
GENERAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Can Serotonin and Fluoxetine Levels in Plasma and Platelets Predict Clinical Response in Depression?

Paolo Castrogiovanni, MD, Patrizia Blardi, MD, Sonia Iapichino, MD, Arianna de Lalla, MD, Alice Dell’Erba, MD, and Alberto Auteri, MD
We describe the clinical response and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of fluoxetine and serotonin levels in plasma and platelets in 10 depressive patients treated with 20 mg/day of fluoxetine for 30 days....
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 37(2): 102-108, 2003/04/15
Pages 102-108 Read Article
GENERAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Does Isotretinoin Cause Depression and Suicide?

J. Douglas Bremner, MD
Isotretinoin is a retinoid approved for the treatment of cystic acne. There has been growing interest in the possible relationship between isotretinoin use and increased risk of depression and suicide. The issue, however, remains controversial....
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 37(1): 34-78, 2003/01/15
Pages 34-78 Read Article
GENERAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

An Intent-to-Treat Method for Enhancing Analysis of Clinical Trials with Rescue Medication: A Mixed-Model Approach

Patricia R. Houck, MSH, Sati Mazumdar, PhD, Benoit H. Mulsant, MD, Bruce G. Pollock, MD, PhD, Mary Amanda Dew, PhD, and Charles F. Reynolds III, MD
An intent-to-treat (IT) analysis includes all observed data, even those obtained after the primary treatment assignment is changed or rescue treatment is substituted. The so-called “pragmatic” approach accounts for this type of treatment change or...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 37(1): 79-89, 2003/01/15
Pages 79-89 Read Article

New Developments in Depression and Anxiety Disorders

Charles B. Nemeroff, MD, PhD
Burgeoning advances in the neurosciences have been increasingly applied to psychopharmacology, and the reports that follow provide a glimpse into this process. Several of the leading investigators on the cutting edge of this rapidly evolving...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(Suppl. 3): 5-6, 2002/11/20
Pages 5-6 Read Article

Remission as the Critical Outcome of Depression Treatment

Michael E. Thase, MD, Diane M. E. Sloan, PharmD, and Susan G. Kornstein, MD
Major depressive disorder is currently the fourth largest contributor to the worldwide burden of disease. Direct and indirect costs associated with depression place a significant burden on the healthcare system and society. Despite the development...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(Suppl. 3): 12-25, 2002/11/20
Pages 12-25 Read Article

Long-Term Antidepressant Treatment

Katia K. Delrahim, BA, Rachel Maddux, BA, and Mark Hyman Rapaport, MD
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and costly illness. Recent research suggests that MDD is a lifelong condition for many patients. This has stimulated researchers to identify risk factors associated with an increased frequency...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(Suppl. 3): 26-38, 2002/11/20
Pages 26-38 Read Article

Strategies for Treatment-Resistant Depression

Christos Ballas, MD, Jeffrey P. Staab, MD, MS, and Dwight L. Evans, MD
Approximately 30% of patients with major depression respond poorly to treatment with any given antidepressant regimen, and as many as 60% to 75% experience residual or recurrent symptoms. Strategies for improving response include extending the...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(Suppl. 3): 39-62, 2002/11/20
Pages 39-62 Read Article

Gender-Specific Differences in Depression and Treatment Response

Susan G. Kornstein, MD, Diane M. E. Sloan, PharmD, and Michael E. Thase, MD
Epidemiological studies have shown that the prevalence of depression is about twice as high in women as in men. Both neurobiological and psychosocial factors may contribute to this difference. Gender differences in depression have also...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(Suppl. 3): 99-110, 2002/11/20
Pages 99-110 Read Article
TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE

Modulators of the Glutamatergic System: Implications for the Development of Improved Therapeutics in Mood Disorders

Carlos A. Zarate, MD, Jorge Quiroz, MD, Jennifer Payne, MD, and Husseini K. Manji, MD
Mood disorders have traditionally been conceptualized as neurochemical disorders, but there is now evidence from a variety of sources demonstrating regional reductions in central nervous system volume as well as reductions in the numbers and/or...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(4): 35-83, 2002/10/15
Pages 35-83 Read Article
GENERAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Duloxetine for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

Charles B. Nemeroff, MD, PhD, Alan F. Schatzberg, MD, David J. Goldstein, MD, PhD, Michael J. Detke, MD, PhD, Craig Mallinckrodt, PhD, Yili Lu, PhD, and Pierre V. Tran, MD
Background. Existing therapies for depression frequently fail to provide full remission. This report evaluates the efficacy and safety of duloxetine, a dual reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine, in the treatment of major depressive disorder...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(4): 106-132, 2002/10/15
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Depression in the Elderly

William M. McDonald, MD; Carl Salzman, MD; and Alan F. Schatzberg, MD
Depression is prevalent in the elderly and associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis can be complicated by the presence of concomitant medical and/or psychiatric disorders, and it is important to exclude a number of...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(Suppl. 2): 112-112, 2002/10/02
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Depression Treatment: A Lifelong Commitment?

Martin B. Keller, MD, and Ernst R. Berndt, PhD
Depression is associated with considerable disability, morbidity, and mortality. In many patients, depression follows a course of relapse and/or recurrence. However, there is significant evidence that the majority of patients with depressive disorders are undertreated,...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(Suppl. 2): 133-141, 2002/10/02
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Unraveling the Diagnostic Clues of Depression and GAD: The Primary Care Challenge

Johan A. den Boer, MD; Dwight L. Evans, MD; Sing Lee, MD, PhD; and Rafael Salin-Pascual, MD
Anxiety and depression are commonly encountered in primary care, with a prevalence ranging from 5% to 10%. These disorders are associated with significant and persistent impairment in functioning, risk of suicide, and substantial economic cost....
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(Suppl. 2): 150-157, 2002/10/02
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Recent Advances in the Neurobiology of Depression

By Charles B. Nemeroff, MD, PhD
Elucidation of the neurobiological basis of depression and other mood disorders is rapidly increasing. Considerable experimental and clinical evidence supports the fundamental roles of serotonin and norepinephrine, as well as the interactions between these systems...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(Suppl. 2): 6-23, 2002/10/01
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New Developments in the Neurobiological Basis of Anxiety Disorders

Jack M. Gorman, MD; Robert M. A. Hirschfeld, MD; and Philip T. Ninan, MD
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic disorder that often precedes the development of, and is comorbid with, depression. Investigation of the neurobiological basis of GAD has provided suggestive evidence implicating dysfunction of serotonergic and...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(Suppl. 2): 49-67, 2002/10/01
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GENERAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: A New Generation

Donald S. Robinson, MD
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), which ushered in the modern era of psychopharmacology in the 1950s, have remained useful in the treatment of depression despite important safety concerns, such as acute hypertensive episodes brought on by...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(3): 124-138, 2002/07/15
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TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Neurochemistry and Treatment Effects in Affective Disorders

Gregory J. Moore, PhD, and Matthew P. Galloway, PhD
Recent developments in the clinical capabilities of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have provided researchers with considerable insight into potential neurochemical alterations associated with the pathology and treatment of affective disorders. This review focuses on the...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(2): 5-23, 2002/04/15
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GENERAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

The Duke Somatic Treatment Algorithm for Geriatric Depression (STAGED) Approach

David C. Steffens, MD, MHS, Douglas R. McQuoid, BS, and K. Ranga Rama Krishnan, MD
Although there have been previously published algorithms for the treatment of depression, few have been rigorously studied in terms of outcome. We present the Duke Somatic Treatment Algorithm for Geriatric Depression (STAGED) approach, developed by...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(2): 58-68, 2002/04/15
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GENERAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

The Psychopharmacology of Fibromyalgia: A Drug Development Perspective

Jay D. Kranzler, MD, PhD, Judith F. Gendreau, MD, and Srinivas G. Rao, MD, PhD
The fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is the most frequent cause of chronic widespread pain. In this review, we summarize the state of the art on the syndrome and its pathophysiology, with an emphasis on identifying bases...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(1): 165-213, 2002/01/15
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GENERAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Review of Its Therapeutic Utility in Depression

Joyce E. Myers, MD, and Michael E.Thase, MD
There is extensive evidence to implicate dysregulation of noradrenergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic neurotransmission in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. The receptor profile for risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic with demonstrated efficacy in schizophrenia, is consistent with...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 35(4): 109-129, 2001/10/15
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G E N E R A L P S Y C H O P H A R M A C O L O G Y

Mood Disorders: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Support From a Patient Perspective

Lydia Lewis
The National Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association (National DMDA) is the largest patient-directed, illness-specific organization in the United States, representing the millions of people living with mood disorders. Recent National DMDA surveys have shown that people...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 35(4): 186-196, 2001/10/15
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GENERAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Premenstrual Exacerbations of Mood Disorders

Merry N. Miller, MD, and Barney E. Miller, PhD
Premenstrual exacerbation of mood disorders has received little attention, despite the recent interest in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Differentiating between PMDD/PMS and other disorders, which worsen premenstrually, is a poorly understood...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 35(3): 135-149, 2001/07/15
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DRUG INTERACTIONS

A Pharmacokinetic Drug-Drug Interaction Study of Venlafaxine and Indinavir

Gary M. Levin, PharmD; Leigh Anne Nelson, PharmD; C. Lindsay DeVane, PharmD; Sandra L. Preston, PharmD; George Eisele, MD; and Stanley W. Carson, PharmD
Depression is a common occurrence in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected population. Complications in treating depressed HIV-infected individuals include the use of multiple medications, additive side effects, and potentially significant drug–drug interactions. Based on the...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 35(2): 62-71, 2001/04/15
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TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE

Nitric Oxide, Stress, and Depression

Tyler M. McLeod, BS, Antonio L. López-Figueroa, MD, and Manuel O. López-Figueroa, PhD
Stress and depression have a significant impact on modern society. Even though their symptomatology is well characterized, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these disturbing disorders. While the role of neurotransmitters such as...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin Vol. 35(1): 24-41, 2001/01/15
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Management of Late-Life Depression: Focus on Comorbid Conditions

Warren D. Taylor, MD, and K. Ranga Rama Krishnan, MB, ChB
Depression, a heterogeneous disease often accompanied by significant medical and psychiatric comorbidity, is common among the elderly. Clinicians caring for depressed elders should look for comorbidities, as they may affect management of the patient. For...
Psychopharmacology Bulletin 36(Suppl. 3): 113-130, 2000/11/02
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